Examples of Braking versus Yellow Light Duration

Examples
Braking g's versus Yellow Light Duration

Graph for React Time of 1.5 seconds
Graph for React Time is 2.3 seconds
Table for React Time of 2.5 seconds

Braking (g_b) versus Yellow Light Duration (t_y)
Driver reaction time 1.5 seconds, stop line and clear point the same (d_i = 0)

gif image

Using the above graph (t_r = 1.5 sec, and d_i = 0), and yellow light duration of 3.5 sec for a speed of 35 mph indicates maximum braking of 0.4 g's (Moderate/Heavy braking).

Braking (g_b) versus Yellow Light Duration (t_y)
Driver reaction time 2.3 seconds, stop line and clear point the same (d_i = 0)

gif image

Using the above graph (t_r = 2.3 sec, and d_i = 0), and yellow light duration of 3.5 sec for a speed of 35 mph indicates maximum braking of 0.67 g's (Very HARD braking).

Braking (g_b) versus Yellow Light Duration (t_y)
Driver reaction time 2.5 seconds, stop line and clear point the same (d_i = 0)

t_r = 2.5 seconds
d_i = 0

Yellow (t_y) = 3.0 sec 3.5 sec 4.0 sec 4.5 sec 5.0 sec 5.5 sec 6.0 sec 6.5 sec 7.0 sec 7.5 sec 8.0 sec

20 mph 0.91 g's 0.46 g's 0.30 g's 0.23 g's 0.18 g's 0.15 g's 0.13 g's 0.11 g's 0.10 g's 0.09 g's 0.08 g's

25 mph 1.14 g's 0.57 g's 0.38 g's 0.28 g's 0.23 g's 0.19 g's 0.16 g's 0.14 g's 0.13 g's 0.11 g's 0.10 g's

30 mph 1.37 g's 0.68 g's 0.46 g's 0.34 g's 0.27 g's 0.23 g's 0.20 g's 0.17 g's 0.15 g's 0.14 g's 0.12 g's

35 mph 1.60 g's 0.80 g's 0.53 g's 0.40 g's 0.32 g's 0.27 g's 0.23 g's 0.20 g's 0.18 g's 0.16 g's 0.15 g's

40 mph 1.82 g's 0.91 g's 0.61 g's 0.46 g's 0.36 g's 0.30 g's 0.26 g's 0.23 g's 0.20 g's 0.18 g's 0.17 g's

45 mph 2.05 g's 1.03 g's 0.68 g's 0.51 g's 0.41 g's 0.34 g's 0.29 g's 0.26 g's 0.23 g's 0.21 g's 0.19 g's

50 mph 2.28 g's 1.14 g's 0.76 g's 0.57 g's 0.46 g's 0.38 g's 0.33 g's 0.28 g's 0.25 g's 0.23 g's 0.21 g's

55 mph 2.51 g's 1.25 g's 0.84 g's 0.63 g's 0.50 g's 0.42 g's 0.36 g's 0.31 g's 0.28 g's 0.25 g's 0.23 g's

60 mph 2.74 g's 1.37 g's 0.91 g's 0.68 g's 0.55 g's 0.46 g's 0.39 g's 0.34 g's 0.30 g's 0.27 g's 0.25 g's

65 mph 2.96 g's 1.48 g's 0.99 g's 0.74 g's 0.59 g's 0.49 g's 0.42 g's 0.37 g's 0.33 g's 0.30 g's 0.27 g's

Using the above table (t_r = 2.5 sec, and d_i = 0), and yellow light duration of 3.5 sec for a speed of 35 mph indicates maximum braking of 0.80 g's (Extreme braking).

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How To Safety Rate Red Light Cameras
Examples

Yellow (t_y) =	3.0 sec	3.5 sec	4.0 sec	4.5 sec	5.0 sec	5.5 sec	6.0 sec	6.5 sec	7.0 sec	7.5 sec	8.0 sec
20 mph	0.91 g's	0.46 g's	0.30 g's	0.23 g's	0.18 g's	0.15 g's	0.13 g's	0.11 g's	0.10 g's	0.09 g's	0.08 g's
25 mph	1.14 g's	0.57 g's	0.38 g's	0.28 g's	0.23 g's	0.19 g's	0.16 g's	0.14 g's	0.13 g's	0.11 g's	0.10 g's
30 mph	1.37 g's	0.68 g's	0.46 g's	0.34 g's	0.27 g's	0.23 g's	0.20 g's	0.17 g's	0.15 g's	0.14 g's	0.12 g's
35 mph	1.60 g's	0.80 g's	0.53 g's	0.40 g's	0.32 g's	0.27 g's	0.23 g's	0.20 g's	0.18 g's	0.16 g's	0.15 g's
40 mph	1.82 g's	0.91 g's	0.61 g's	0.46 g's	0.36 g's	0.30 g's	0.26 g's	0.23 g's	0.20 g's	0.18 g's	0.17 g's
45 mph	2.05 g's	1.03 g's	0.68 g's	0.51 g's	0.41 g's	0.34 g's	0.29 g's	0.26 g's	0.23 g's	0.21 g's	0.19 g's
50 mph	2.28 g's	1.14 g's	0.76 g's	0.57 g's	0.46 g's	0.38 g's	0.33 g's	0.28 g's	0.25 g's	0.23 g's	0.21 g's
55 mph	2.51 g's	1.25 g's	0.84 g's	0.63 g's	0.50 g's	0.42 g's	0.36 g's	0.31 g's	0.28 g's	0.25 g's	0.23 g's
60 mph	2.74 g's	1.37 g's	0.91 g's	0.68 g's	0.55 g's	0.46 g's	0.39 g's	0.34 g's	0.30 g's	0.27 g's	0.25 g's
65 mph	2.96 g's	1.48 g's	0.99 g's	0.74 g's	0.59 g's	0.49 g's	0.42 g's	0.37 g's	0.33 g's	0.30 g's	0.27 g's